@article{149961,
  author = {Jonathan Kastellec},
  title = {The Judicial Hierarchy: A Review Essay},
  abstract = { Crucial to understanding the behavior of judges and the outputs of courts is the institutional context in which they operate. One key component of courts{\textquoteright} institutional structure is that the judiciary system is organized as a hierarchy, which creates both problems and opportunities for judges. In this essay I evaluate the literature on several features of the judicial hierarchy. I focus on core issues addressed by political scientists, legal scholars, and economists, including such questions as why hierarchy exists; how higher courts can best oversee lower courts; how learning takes place both within and across the levels of the judiciary; and how collegiality influences judicial decision making. I conclude with thoughts on potential future theoretical and empirical avenues for furthering our understanding of the importance of the judicial hierarchy. },
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics},
  publisher = {Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics},
  language = {eng},
}